Electron Shell Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
Minimum oxidation number: 0
Maximum oxidation number: 0
Minimum common oxidation number: 0
Maximum common oxidation no: 0
Appearance & Characteristics
Structure:: ?
Color: colorless
Hardness: mohs
Toxicity: ?
Characteristics: Radioactive,air pollutant
Uses: earthquake prediction
Reactions
Reaction with air: none
Reaction with 6M HCl: none
Reaction with 15M HNO3: none
Reaction with 6M NaOH: none
Other Forms
Number of isotopes: 0
Oxide(s): ?
Hydride(s): ?
Chloride(s): ?
Radius
Atomic Radius: pm
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
Conductivity
Thermal conductivity: 0 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability: 5.3 A^3
Abundance
Source: Synthetic(Ra-226 decay)
Relative abundance solar system: log
Abundance earth's crust: -12.4 log
Estimated crustal abundance: 4×10-13 milligrams per kilogram
Estimated oceanic abundance: 6×10-16 milligrams per liter
History
(From radium; called niton at first, L. nitens: shining) The element was discovered in 1900 by Dorn, who called it radium emanation. In 1908 Ramsay and Gray, who named it niton, isolated the element and determined its density, finding it to be the heaviest known gas. It is essentially inert and occupies the last place in the zero group of gases in the Periodic Table. Since 1923, it has been called radon.
Properties
On the average, one part of radon is present at 1 x 1021 part of air. At ordinary temperatures radon is a colorless gas; when cooled below the freezing point, radon exhibits a brilliant phosphorescence which becomes yellow as the temperature is lowered and orange-red at the temperature of liquid air. It has been reported that fluorine reacts with radon, forming a fluoride. Radon clathrates have also been reported.
Uses
Radon is still produced for therapeutic use by a few hospitals by pumping it from a radium source and sealing it in minute tubes, called seeds or needles, for application to patient. This practice has been largely discontinued as hospitals can get the seeds directly from suppliers, who make up the seeds with the desired activity for the day of use.
Isotopes
Twenty isotopes are known. Radon-22, from radium, has a half-life of 3.823 days and is an alpha emitter; Radon-220, emanating naturally from thorium and called thoron, has a half-life of 55.6 s and is also an alpha emitter. Radon-219 emanates from actinium and is called actinon. It has a half-life of 3.96 s and is also an alpha emitter. It is estimated that every square mile of soil to a depth of 6 inches contains about 1 g of radium, which releases radon in tiny amounts into the atmosphere. Radon is present in some spring waters, such as those at Hot Springs, Arkansas.
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