Sell ›› Ferro-Nickel ingots
OurMetals.co.uk - daily resource for buyers and suppliers in metals, minerals and mining Cerium, Atomic, number, volume, group, element, stayes, melting pot, boiling point, heat, ionization energy, oxidation, electron, reaction, isotiopes, ionic radius, Abundance, compounds,
HOME MY ACCOUNT TRADE LEADS MEMBERS CTN CONFERENCES GLOVAL EVENTS INVESTMENT RESOURCES CONTACTS
Overview | Articles | Glossary | Abbreviations | Units conversions | Trader's guide | Periodic table

Recruitment

Job applicants
I am looking for a position of research/business strategy analyst to j...
Job applicants Jobs wanted
Job offers Jobs offered

Top 100

Add your website to TOP 100
Add this tracker to your site to take part in Top 100.

Databases

Click here for databases
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals databases for sale

Our resources

Articles Articles
Glossary - metals, minerals and mining Glossary
Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols used in exporting and importing Abbreviations
Units conversions Units conversions
World time in 84 countries World time
Trader's guide - export & import Trader's guide
Currency converter Currency converter
Video materials Video materials
Periodic table Periodic table
Hotel reservations Hotel reservations
Country maps Maps

16-17 February 2012

Scrap Metals Market conference
Meet over 350+ delegates

Our services

Web domains for rent and sale Web domains
Strategic consultancy Consultancy
Recruitment in metals, mining, foundry & casting Recruitment
Event management Event management
International marketing and promotion PR and Marketing
Export & import in Russia and CIS Export & import
European agent - a sales representative or a distributor European agent
Export & import in Russia and CIS Credit, IPO, tenders

Friendly links

MMM directory

Metals, mining and materials directory

Resources: Periodic table

Site map and breakdown of Member services


Cerium


Aluminium Alloy Sections in Russia  Aluminium alloy sections in Russia
Aluminium Scrap and the Scrap-Based Products Market Research in Russia  Aluminium scrap in Russia
Steel and Rolled Steel in Russia  Steel and rolled steel in Russia
Stainless sheet market research in Russia  Stainless sheet market in Russia
 
Rebar Market Research in Russia  Rebar market in Russia
Limestone and Lime market research in Russia  Limestone and lime market in Russia
Flat Cars Market Research in CIS  Flat cars market in CIS
Ferrochrome market research in the CIS  Ferrochrome market in CIS
Atomic symbol: Ce
Atomic number: 58
Atomic weight: 140.12
Atomic volume: 20.67 cm3/mol
Density: 6.78 g/cm3
Period Number: 6
Group number: none
Group name: Rare Earth, Lanthanide series
Element classification: Metal


States


Phase at room temperature: Solid
Melting Point: 1071.2 K
Boiling point: 3743 K
Heat of fusion: 5.460 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 414.0 kJ/mol


Energies


Ionization Energy: 5.539 eV
1st ionization energy: 527.4 kJ/mole
2nd ionization energy: 1047 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy: 1949 kJ/mole
Electronegativity: 1.12
Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole
Specific heat: 0.19 J/gK
Heat atomization: 419 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation & Electrons


Shells: 2,8,18,20,8,2
Electron Shell Configuration: [Xe] 4f2 6s2
Minimum oxidation number: 0
Maximum oxidation number: 4
Minimum common oxidation number: 0
Maximum common oxidation no: 4


Appearance & Characteristics


Structure:: fcc: face-centered cubic
Color: silvery-white
Hardness: mohs
Toxicity: ?
Characteristics: malleable
Uses: self-cleaning ovens(CeO2)


Reactions


Reaction with air: vigorous, w/ht =>CeO2
Reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, CeCl3
Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Ce(NO3)3
Reaction with 6M NaOH: ?


Other Forms


Number of isotopes: 4
Oxide(s): Ce2O3 CeO2
Hydride(s): CeH2 CeH3
Chloride(s): CeCl3


Radius


Atomic Radius: 182 pm
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (3+ ion): 115 pm


Conductivity


Thermal conductivity: 11.3 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical conductivity: 13.333 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability: 29.6 A^3


Abundance


Source: Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite
Relative abundance solar system: 0.055 log
Abundance earth's crust: 1.8 log
Estimated crustal abundance: 6.65×101 milligrams per kilogram
Estimated oceanic abundance: 1.2×10-6 milligrams per liter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


History


Cerium was named for the asteroid Ceres, which was discovered in 1801. The element was discovered two years later in 1803 by Klaproth and by Berzelius and Hisinger. In 1875 Hillebrand and Norton prepared the metal.


Sources


Cerium is the most abundant so-called rare-earth metals. It is found in a number of minerals including allanite (also known as orthite), monazite, bastnasite, cerite, and samarskite. Monazite and bastnasite are presently the more important sources of cerium.

Large deposits of monazite (found on the beaches of Travancore, India and in river sands in Brazil), allanite (in the western United States), and bastnasite (in Southern California) will supply cerium, thorium, and the other rare-earth metals for many years to come.

Metallic cerium is prepared by metallothermic reduction techniques, such as reducing cerous fluoride with calcium, or using electrolysis of molten cerous chloride or others processes. The metallothermic technique produces high-purity cerium.


Properties


Cerium is especially interesting because of its variable electronic structure. The energy of the inner 4f level is nearly the same as that of the outer (valence) electrons, and only small amounts of energy are required to change the relative occupancy of these electronic levels. This gives rise to dual valency states.

For example, a volume change of about 10 percent occurs when cerium is subjected to high pressures or low temperatures. Cesium's valence appears to change from about 3 to 4 when it is cooled or compressed. The low temperature behavior of cerium is complex.

Cerium is an iron-gray lustrous metal. It is malleable, and oxidizes very readily at room temperature, especially in moist air. Except for europium, cerium is the most reactive of the rare-earth metals. It decomposes slowly in cold water and rapidly in hot water.

Alkali solutions and dilute and concentrated acids attack the metal rapidly. The pure metal is likely to ignite if scratched with a knife.

Ceric slats are orange red or yellowish; cerous salts are usually white.


Uses


Cerium is a component of misch metal, which is extensively used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters. While cerium is not radioactive, the impure commercial grade may contain traces of thorium, which is radioactive. The oxide is an important constituent of incandescent gas mantles and is emerging as a hydrocarbon catalyst in self cleaning ovens where it can be incorporated into oven walls to prevent the collection of cooking residues.

As ceric sulfate is used extensively as a volumetric oxidizing agent in quantitative analysis. Cerium compounds are used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer.

The oxide is finding increased use as a glass polishing agent instead of rouge, for it polishes much faster than rouge. Cerium, with other rare earths, is used in carbon-arc lighting, especially in the motion picture industry. It is also useful as a catalyst in petroleum refining and in metallurgical and nuclear applications.

Would you like to contact senior executives directly? Join our network on OurMetals.co.uk It's free and only takes 2 minutes to register.


Navigation

Login and password reminded Login
Get your FREE membership Register FREE account
Why subscribe? Why join?

Hot company Company

SEKOM Handelsges.m.b.H....
Our company is a private firm founded in 1990 with aim to develop export and import with Russia. We do promote EU industrial and consumer goods in Russia and strongly support marketing of Russian and CIS industrial products and services.
0 selling & 0 buying leads

Upcoming events

Human Resources
25 September 2013, Istanbul
Marriott Asia Hotel
Future of Commercial Vehicles
26 September 2013, Istanbul
Marriott Asia Hotel
Steel Today & Tomorrow
5-6 November 2013, Istanbul
Marriott Asia Hotel
Energy in Turkey
4-5 December 2013, Istanbul
Marriott Asia Hotel